Rice is the most important cereal in the world, the staple food of six out of every ten people. It originated in south-east Asia; some experts say in Thailand, other India, but all agree that its cultivation dates from around 3000BC. Now rice is grown in most tropical and temperate countries, although 90% of the world’s production comes from Asia. It is also an important crop in the USA, Italy, Spain, Egypt and Brazil.
Paddy Rice is rice just as it comes from the fields after threshing.
Brown Riceis what remains when the edible husk covering each grain is removed. Also called unhusked rice, it contains more natural vitamins and nutrients than other types. It is available in long, medium and short grains and takes about 45 minutes to cook.
Long Grain Rice, usually eaten with savory dishes, has a light fluffy texture and the grains remain separate when cooked. Patna rice is long grain rice from the Patna district of north-east India. Basmati is a high quality long grain rice from the north of India and Pakistan. Long grain rice has three forms: White or polished rice is the most common. The husk, bran and germ are removed during milling so it is less nutritious than brown rice. It takes about 15 minutes to cook. Parboiled rice, also known as easy to cook, pre fluffed and non-stick, is processed before it is milled so more of the natural minerals and vitamins remain. Despite its name, it is not precooked; in fact it takes about 5 minutes longer to cook than ordinary white rice. Precooked or instant long grain rice is completely cooked after milling. Depending on the brand, cooking time can be 1-10 minutes.
Medium Grain Rice is not as translucent as long grain and, as it has more starch, is stickier when cooked. It is used for croquettes and puddings.
Short or Round Grain Ricehas the most starch of all. It is traditional pudding rice as it softens well in milk, resulting in thick creamy puddings. Italian or Piedmontese rice is a round grain rice with a hard core needing slow cooking without much liquid.
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